| Publication Abstract Display | | Type: Published Manuscript | | Title: Concurrent classification accuracy of the HIV Dementia Scale for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in the CHARTER Cohort. | | Authors: Sakamoto M, Marcotte TD, Umlauf A, Franklin D, Heaton RK, Ellis RJ, Letendre S, Alexander T, McCutchan JA, Morgan EE, Woods SP, Collier AC, Marra CM, Clifford DB, Gelman BB, McArthur JC, Morgello S, Simpson D, Grant I | | Year: 2013 | | Publication: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes | | Volume: 62 Issue: 1 Pages: 36-42 | | Abstract:BACKGROUND: The HIV Dementia Scale (HDS) was developed to screen for HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND), but concerns have persisted regarding its substandard sensitivity. This study aimed to examine the classification accuracy of the HDS using raw and norm-based cutpoints, and to evaluate the contribution of the HDS subtests to predicting HAND. METHODS: 1,580 HIV-infected participants from 6 U.S. sites completed the HDS, and a gold standard neuropsychological battery, on which 51% of participants were impaired. RESULTS:: Sensitivity and specificity to HAND using the standard raw HDS cutpoint were 24% and 92%, respectively. The raw HDS subtests of attention, recall, and psychomotor speed significantly contributed to classification of HAND, while visuomotor construction contributed the least. A modified raw cutpoint of 14 yielded sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 61%, with cross-validation. Using norms also significantly improved sensitivity to 69% with a concomitant reduction of specificity to 56%, while the positive predictive value declined from 75% to 62% and negative predictive value improved from 54% to 64%. The HDS showed similarly modest rates of sensitivity and specificity among subpopulations of individuals with minimal comorbidity and successful viral suppression. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that while the HDS is a statistically significant predictor of HAND, particularly when adjusted for demographic factors, its relatively low diagnostic classification accuracy continues to hinder its clinical utility. A raw cutpoint of 14 greatly improved the sensitivity of the previously established raw cutscore, but may be subject to ceiling effects, particularly on repeat assessments. |
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